French translation and validation of the anterior knee. Anterior knee pain akp is one of the most frequent reasons for consultation in the context of knee conditions in adolescent and young adult patients, accounting for up to 74% of knee pain experienced by adolescents participating in sports. The testretest reliability of the french anterior knee pain scale was excellent, the internal consistency was high and the construct validity was consistent. A recent study in a sports medicine journal studied patellofemoral pain in adolescents and found that in more than 50% of cases, the pain became chronic and did not resolve on its own when these kids were reassessed two years later. Analysis of patientreported anterior knee pain scale. Within the fields of orthopedics and sports medicine, the kujala anterior knee pain scale akps, has been widely used to identify and study the prevalence of patellofemoral knee pain. The reliability and meaningfulness of the anterior knee pain and.
Mean sd low back pain rating scale lbprs score for pain component 1. The lysholm score is a 100point scoring system for examining a patients kneespecific symptoms including mechanical locking, instability, pain, swelling, stair climbing, and squatting. Analysis of outcome measures for persons with patellofemoral pain. Kujala um, jaakkola lh, koskinen sk, taimela s, hurme m, nelimarkka o. Kujala anterior knee pain scale pdf pdf connect me. It is usually due to an irritation of the under surface of the knee cap known as the patella. Pdf the mulligan concept in the treatment of anterior knee pain. Diagnosis and treatment of anterior knee pain journal of. Anterior knee pain akp is an ache or pain in and around the front of your knee. Sports injury medicine department 9250 sw hall blvd.
Chinese translation and validation of the kujala sale for patients with patellofemoral pain. Pdf the contemporary management of anterior knee pain. A clinicians should use the anterior knee pain scale akps, the patellofemoral pain and osteoarthritis sub scale of the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score koospf, or the visual analog scale vas for activity or eng and pierrynowski questionnaire epq to measure pain and function in patients with pfp. The kujala akps 1 is a item screening instrument designed to assess patellofemoral pain in adolescents and young adults, with a variable. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of anterior knee pain rate, knee pain. Institute for orthopaedics and sports medicine 210 east 64th street, 4 th floor, new york, ny 10065 anterior knee pain rehabilitation program 1 anterior knee pain rehabilitation program phase iacute goals. Validity has been demonstrated by the scale authors kujala et al 1993 and by timm 1998. Anterior knee pain scale knee pain athletic injuries. A careful history and physical examination are crucial for an. The french translated version of the anterior knee pain scale is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the functional limitations associated with patellofemoral pain.
Anterior knee pain is one of the most common orthopedic complaints affecting the knee. Superficial soft tissues prepatellar bursitis morellavallee lesion infrapatellar bursitis extensor. Minimum score is 0 points and maximum score is 100 points. The anterior knee pain scale akpssometimes called the kujala scale kujala et al 1993 is a item kneespecific selfreport questionnaire. Score a no difficulty b slight pain when descending c pain both when. The condition is usually caused by an ir ritation and inflammation of the extensor mechanism of the knee either at the attachment to the tibial tuberosity, in the patella tendon, in the. It is a patient reported assessment of patellofemoral disorders that assesses subjective. Pain results from the pressure of the knee cap as it moves up and down in the shallow groove of the thigh bone when you bend and straighten. Omearas anterior knee pain patellofemoral syndrome. The records of female athletes analysis of patientreported anterior knee pain scale. Talk to your doctor or physical therapist about which exercises will best help you meet your rehabilitation goals. Pdf the purpose of this investigation was to estimate and document the reliability and validity of the anterior knee pain scale akps and to.
Anterior knee pain scale documents response to walking, running, jumping, using stairs, squatting, sitting for. Pdf analysis of patientreported anterior knee pain. Using visual analog scales, its 24 items probe three dimensionspain 5 items, stiffness 2 items, and functional difficulty 17 itemsthat are judged to. Patientreported measures akps or koospf a visual analog scale. Pdf analysis of patientreported anterior knee pain scale. Mean sd low back pain rating scale lbprs score for disability component 0. The purpose of the disablement model case study was to describe the case of a collegiate basketball player suffering from anterior knee pain akp. A clinicians should use the anterior knee pain scale akps, the patellofemoral pain and osteoarthritis subscale of the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score koospf, or the visual analog scale vas for activity or eng and pierrynowski questionnaire. Those with positive findings completed an ikdc form, a standardized history and a physicianadministered physical examination. Basic science studies have provided insight into the origin of anterior knee pain and refined understanding of the anatomy. Anterior knee pain was noted in 410 of 1620 knees 25. Pain during activities that repeatedly bend the knee jumping, squatting, running, and other exercise involving weightlifting pain related to a change in activity level or intensity, playing surface, or equipment.
The patellofemoral pain and osteoarthritis subscale of the. Apr 30, 2014 the purpose of this investigation was to estimate and document the reliability and validity of the anterior knee pain scale akps and to estimate its relative prediction accuracy of anterior knee pain in young females. Ittenbach et all suggest that is highly reliable, but not without its limitations and further research is needed for its use outside of a clinical environment and application to the general population. Please complete as advised by your physiotherapist. To translate and validate the kujala anterior knee pain scale akps in patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty tka or unicompartmental knee. Zeigler, pt, ms, atc, faaompt4 patricia horton, pt5 susan s. Anterior knee pain scale description pain inducing trigger in patients with anterior knee pain syndrome harrison et al 1996. However, despite its widespread acceptance clinically, relatively few studies have reported on its technical properties with pediatric patients.
The item screening kujala anterior knee pain scale akps can also be used to identify patellofemoral pain in adolescents and young adults. Back pain radiating to iliac crest, groin or anterior perineum each scores 1. Knee rehabilitation exercises to ensure that this program is safe and effective for you, it should be performed under your doctors supervision. Runners with anterior knee pain use a greater percentage.
Anterior knee pain exercises the following exercises are to be performed daily within your pain free limits for a minimum of 8 weeks as directed by your physiotherapist. Anterior knee pain is common with a variety of causes which can be divided anatomically using a layered approach1 from superficial to deep. The original study group for the score featured patients with subjects with anterior knee pain, patellar subluxation, and patellar dislocation, in. The origin of patellofemoral pain can be directly traced to supraphysiological mechanical. The purpose of this investigation was to estimate and document the reliability and validity of the anterior knee pain scale akps and to estimate its relative prediction accuracy of anterior knee pain in young females. Free online kujala anterior knee pain scale score calculator. The lysholm score is a 100point scoring system for examining a patients knee specific symptoms including mechanical locking, instability, pain, swelling, stair climbing, and squatting. Two very common scales used in the assessment of patellofemoral pain syndrome are the anterior knee pain scale and the lower. May 24, 2017 most patients with patellofemoral or anterior knee pain will not notice any of these mechanical symptoms.
Clinical evaluation has progressively focused on the contribution of the entire lower extremity to patellofemoral. Testing consisted of completion of the anterior knee pain scale. It is of high socioeconomic relevance as it occurs most frequently in young and active patients. Evaluation and rehabilitation for anterior knee pain a case. It documents response to six activities thought to be associated specifically with anterior knee pain syndrome walking, running, jumping, climbing stairs, squatting, and sitting. In fact, some authors suggested a predisposition to patellofemoral osteoarthritis later in life when anterior knee pain presents itself in adolescence or young adulthood. The term anterior knee pain is sometimes used synonymously with patellofemoral pain syndrome but it is important to make a careful assessment of the underlying cause in order to ensure appropriate management and advice. Despite widespread acceptance and clinical use of the kujala anterior knee pain scale akps in orthopedics and sports medicine, few studies have reported on its reliability and no such studies have concentrated on child or adolescent samples exclusively. Jul 05, 2019 the records of female athletes analysis of patientreported anterior knee pain scale. National athletic trainers association position statement. The questionnaire was used to assess pain and functional ability of le movements in knee. Thai version of the kujala patellofemoral questionnaire in knee. Anterior knee pain, diagnosed as patellofemoral pain syndrome pfps, is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders 61. Anterior knee pain exercise programme poole hospital.
Reliability and responsiveness of the lower extremity. The mulligan concept in the treatment of anterior knee pain. The investigators evaluated a total of 81 patients 36 female and 45 male between the ages of 16 and 40 years with a history of anterior knee pain of more than three months. Jul 21, 2016 analysis of patientreported anterior knee pain scale. Progress towards understanding anterior knee pain after total. Runners with anterior knee pain use a greater percentage of. Patellofemoral questionnaire or anterior knee pain scale akps. Reliability and validity of the anterior knee pain scale. Pdf dutch translation of the kujala anterior knee pain. Adolescent anterior knee pain syndrome does not usually cause swelling around the knee. One common symptom is a grating or grinding feeling when the knee is flexed when the ankle is brought closer to the back of the thigh. The risk for reoperation, however, was lower in the resurfacing group than in the group without resurfacing.
An athlete with no sign of anterior knee pain would have a score of 100. Patellofemoral or anterior knee pain in adolescents. Discussion the kujala akps, is a wellrecognized and highly respected instrument used within the fields of orthopedics and sports medicine. It provides a common challenge to diagnose and manage. To determine the testretest reliability and responsiveness of the anterior knee pain scale akps and the lower extremity functional scale lefs in patients with anterior knee pain. Watson, pt, ocs1 micah propps, pt2 jennifer ratner, pt3 david l. The kujala anterior knee pain scale akps was published in 1993. Reliability and responsiveness of the lower extremity functional scale and the anterior knee pain scale in patients with anterior knee pain cynthia j.
This metaanalysis included 16 studies with more than 3,000 knee joints. The total may help you and your doctor decide whether a knee replacement is a suitable option for you. Anterior knee pain akp is one of the most frequent reasons for adolescents and young adults to seek consultation for knee conditions. Anterior knee pain or patellofemoral pain syndrome is a commonly recognised symptom complex characterised by pain in the vicinity of the patella in young adults worsened by sitting and climbing stairs. Anterior knee pain exercise programme below is a programme of exercises to complete to strengthen your knee and hip. Patellofemoral or anterior knee pain in adolescents howard. The contemporary management of anterior knee pain and patellofemoral instability. Kujala anterior knee pain scale akps in orthopedics and sports medicine, few studies have reported on its reliability and no such studies. Physical performance measures anterior knee pain with squatting b component 4. The rate is around 1533% in active adult population and 2145% of. Pdf to translate and validate the kujala anterior knee pain scale akps in patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty tka or. Bend one leg and put your foot on the bedfloor and put a rolled up towel underneath the other knee. The most widely used diseasespecific questionnaire is the womac osteoarthritis index. Knee instruments and rating scales designed to measure outcomes.
Patients were evaluated through history, locomotor examination, womac score. A screening instruments ability to provide clinicians with consistent and reproducible information is crucial to intervention. Prospective methodological study of repeated measures using a sample of. Anterior knee pain early in life can be clinically significant in determining a patients risks of developing functional deficits and joint degeneration. Inconclusive data for physical impairment component. Jun 23, 2015 anterior knee pain is common with a variety of causes. Anterior knee pain, or patellofemoral pain, is pain in the front of the knee which is often made worse by sitting for prolonged periods, stair climbing or any activity which involves bending the knee.
Dutch translation of the kujala anterior knee pain scale and validation in patients after knee arthroplasty. French translation and validation of the anterior knee pain. Most patients with patellofemoral or anterior knee pain will not notice any of these mechanical symptoms. Anterior knee pain is a very common problem among people who are active in sports and recreation. Pdf the purpose of the disablement model case study was to describe the case of a collegiate basketball player suffering from anterior knee pain. Significant improvement was found from preoperative to postoperative scores in all of. For the akps, a 10point or greater change represents the. Knee instruments and rating scales designed to measure. Using visual analog scales, its 24 items probe three dimensionspain 5 items, stiffness 2 items, and functional difficulty 17 itemsthat are judged to be important by such patients. The primary outcome measures include the adverse events, visual analog scale for pain, and anterior knee pain scale index, which is a knee function selfreport questionnaire to evaluate the. Data from a prospective, epidemiologic study to diagnose patellofemoral knee pain among female athletes n 499 using the anterior knee pain scale akps. Owing to the complex multifactorial aetiology of akp, with local, proximal and distal factors potentially involved, its treatment is particularly difficult and challenging for the practitioner. Clinicians should use patientreported outcome measures, such as the anterior knee pain scale akps or the lower extremity functional scale lefs, to assess function in individuals with pfp.