Meyers was manager of chemical process technology at trw and is now president of ramtech limited. The gasoline components are produced from crude oil through a variety of refinery processes and are subsequently mixed in such a way that the. Process equipment in petroleum refining springerlink. In another process, selected solvents are added to cause impurities to precipitate out of the product. Classes of refinery processes and refinery configurations. The refining process how oil refining works howstuffworks. It illustrates stateoftheart engineering methods for the refinement of. For example, you wouldnt put crude oil in the gas tank of your car. Data request for the petroleum refining industry detailed. Refining process services was founded in 1985 to meet the need for an independent source of refining technical consulting and training services.
Refining process services develops and performs process optimization studies specifically targeted to meet the needs of a particular refinery or processing unit. Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals refining james g. Water requirements of the petroleum refining industry by louis e. Dec 21, 2009 in another process, selected solvents are added to cause impurities to precipitate out of the product. Fundamentals of petroleum refining provides a thorough and balanced introduction to refinery engineering topics, from basic concepts and unit operations to overall refinery economics, planning and. Alternative processes for removing mercaptans are known, e. Preliminary data summary for the petroleum refining. In the process, isobutylene is dimerized to produce isooctene.
At normal atmospheric pressure, liquefied petroleum gas will evaporate, so it needs to be contained in pressurized steel bottles. Geology elective electives petroleum exploration reservoir engineering 2 industrial meas. Petroleum refinery activities start with receipt of. Fractionation distillation is the separation of crude oil in atmospheric and. The claus process is mostly use for the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide in the process of hydrodesulfurization and hydrotreating of petroelum products. The oil and gas industry natural resource governance. Petroleum refining, conversion of crude oil into useful products, including fuel oils, gasoline petrol, asphalt, and kerosene. Crude oil is composed of hundreds of different hydrocarbon molecules, which are separated through the process of refining. Handbook of petroleum refining processes, fourth edition. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Brief history of the petroleum industry and petroleum refining prior to the 19th century, petroleum was known and utilized in various fashions in babylon, egypt, china, persia, rome and azerbaijan.
Petroleum refining processes and operations can be separated into five basic areas. The petroleum refining industry in the united states is the largest in the world, providing inputs to virtually any economic sector, including the transport sector. For it to be the fuel that can go into a car or converted into plastics, it must go through a. World bank group environmental, health, and safety. Handbook of petroleum refining processes, fourth edition pdf. Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals petroleum. Learn more about petroleum refining, including its history and the various processes used to create the different products. Petroleum is converted into energy rich fuels such as gasoline, diesel, jet, heating, liquid petroleum gas.
An interactive windows program integrates chemical reactor analysis, pinch analysis, and flowsheeting to analyze energy and emission reductions, intro process recycle, and retrofit. In the adsorption process, highly porous solid materials collect liquid molecules on their surfaces. This oneofakind, comprehensive handbook provides the latest industry and research advances in petroleum refining, natural gas processing, and refinery management. Refineries process crude oils, which have different types of hydrocarbons with carbon chains of different lengths, into a broad range of refined products. The other links add value to petroleum mainly by moving and storing it e. S energy bandwidth for petroleum refining processes 1. The oil and gas industry overview and trends nrgi reader april 2015 this reader is intended for use in conjunction with the natural resource charter. Petroleum refining processes are the chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries also referred to as oil refineries to transform crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas lpg, gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil and fuel oils refineries are very large industrial complexes that involve many different processing units. There are three steps in the petroleum refining process separation, conversion, and treatment. Petroleum refining information on petroleum and crude oil.
Treating materials include acids, solvents, alkalis, oxidizing, and adsorption agents. Developed by nelson 1960 to quantify relative costs of refining processes. Offers detailed description of process chemistry and thermodynamics and product byproduct specifications of plants contributors are drawn from the largest petroleum producers in the world, including chevron. In addition to making the oilbased products, refineries must also treat the wastes involved in the processes to minimize air and water pollution. Meyers this handbook of petroleum refining processes, fourth edition book is not really ordinary book, you have it then the world is in your hands.
The nexoctane technology was developed for the production of isooctane. Speight encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 2. Handbook of petroleum refining processes, fourth edition by by robert a. Dewatering and desalting before separation of petroleum into its various constituents can proceed, there is the need to clean the petroleum. Fundamentals of petroleum refining provides a thorough and balanced introduction to refinery engineering topics, from basic concepts and unit operations to. Process natural gas engineering 1 drilling engineering 2 organic chemistry 2 electrical. However, since isooctane is not an oxygenate, it does not replace mtbe to meet the oxygen requirement currently in effect for reformulated gasoline. Profile of the petroleum refining industry in california. Mar 14, 2017 this authoritative resource will prove essential for anyone who needs current, expertly written coverage of the latest developments in the petroleum refining process industry. William lefflers petroleum refining in nontechnical language, fourth edition is designed to give the reader an overview of key refining topics by using relevant analogies, easytounderstand graphs, formulas, and illustrations.
Over 40 scientists, experts and professionals from both academia and industry have contributed to the 33 chapters in this handbook. The petroleum and coal products industry represents a significant target for improving energy efficiency. In this lecture, we present a brief overview of the petroleum refining, a prominent process technology in process engineering. Choices of a treating method depend on the nature of the petroleum fractions, amount and type of impurities in the fractions to be treated, the extent to which the process removes the impurities, and endproduct specifications. Liquefied petroleum gas is a mixture of gases that are most often used in heating appliances, aerosol propellants, and refrigerants. Knowledge of these equipment items are essential for good refinery design, operation, and troubleshooting when necessary. Oil refinery processes presentation linkedin slideshare. Petroleum refining refers to the process of converting crude oil into useful products. Refining process services develops and performs process optimization studies specifically targeted to meet the needs of a. Petroleum refining or oil refining is an industrial process in which crude oil is extracted from the ground and transformed and refined into useful products like liquefied petroleum gas lpg, kerosene, asphalt base, jet fuel, gasoline, heating oil, fuel oils etc. Crude oil desalting gas separation atmospheric distillation vacuum distillation desalted crude oil gas plant gas polymerization alkylation fuel gases lpg gasoline sweetening, treating and blending distillate sweetening, treating and blending residual treating and blending hydro treating and blending polymerization naphtha neutane alkylate catalytic isomerization light.
Meyers is the inventor or coinventor of a number of broadly used engineering processes, and has managed projects in nearly every facet of the petroleum refining industry. This chapter deals with the items of equipment normally met with in the petroleum refining industry. The economics of petroleum refining understanding the business of processing crude oil into fuels and other value added products december 20. The image below is a schematic flow diagram of a typical petroleum refinery that depicts the various refining processes and the flow of intermediate product streams that occurs between the inlet crude oil feedstock and the final endproducts. Nov 20, 2014 refining of crude oil submitted byarun kumar chemical engineering roll no 4351901 slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Characterization of crude oils and petroleum fractions. Step 1 in the refining process is to remove these contaminants so as to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to prevent poisoning catalysts in processing units. Most refineries that process crude oil are currently regulated under the petroleum refining point source category 40 cfr 419. Among the refinery operations and practices presented are product blending, refinery inventory forecasts, spreadsheet and lp modeling of refineries, and methods for pricing crude oil, petroleum products, and intermediate stocks. The largest oil refinery is the paraguana refining complex in venezuela, which can process 940,000 barrels of oil each day. Fractionation and elemental analysis of crude oils and petroleum cuts.
Refining what comes out of the ground is not often a form of petroleum that can be used right away. Due to its origin, crude oil is a complex mixture containing thousands of. This fully revised fourth edition is a complete compendium of licensable. Crude oil desalting gas separation atmospheric distillation vacuum distillation desalted crude oil gas plant gas polymerization alkylation fuel gases lpg gasoline sweetening, treating and blending distillate sweetening, treating and blending residual treating and blending hydro treating and blending polymerization naphtha neutane alkylate catalytic. Environmental, health, and safety guidelines petroleum refining april 30, 2007 2 world bank group 1. The petroleum refining industry employs a wide variety of processes. Fundamentals of petroleum refining presents the fundamentals of thermodynamics and kinetics, and it explains the scientific background essential for understanding refinery operations. Handbook of petroleum refining processes, fourth edition by. Detailed study of the petroleum refining category 2019. In general, united states prefers gasoline to diesel whereas the rest of the world prefers diesel to gasoline. Step 2 most typical methods of crudeoil desalting are chemical and electrostatic separation, and both use hot water as the extraction agent.
Energy analysis department environmental energy technologies department 1 cyclotron road berkeley, ca 94720. Petroleum refining at a glance petroleum refining is a unique and critical link in the petroleum supply chain, from the wellhead to the pump. Petroleum is used mostly, by volume, for producing fuel oiland petrol, both important primary energy sources. Finally, the refining process is becoming more complex as demand increases for high octane, unleaded gasoline. Petroleum refining and the prod uction of ulsg and ulsd october 24, 2011 page 2 2. The refining process depends on the chemical processes of distillation separating liquids by their different boiling points and catalysis which speeds up reaction. Crude petroleum, as found in nature, must be processed refined to remove impurities and to manufacture such usefui materials as gasoline, jet fuel kerosene, and fuel oil. Indeed, many of the items that will be described and discussed here are also common to many other process industries. A refinerys processing flow scheme is largely determined by the composition of the crude oil. Different kinds of liquefied petroleum gas, or lpg, are propane and butane.
Oil refineries and bulk storage of crude oil and petroleum products. Characteristics of petroleum products for energy use motor fuels heating fuels. This work highlights contemporary approaches to resource utilization and provides comprehensive coverage of technological advances in residuum conversion. Water requirements of the petroleum refining industry. Some modern petroleum refineries process as much as 800,000 to 900,000 barrels 127,000 to 143,000 cubic meters per day of crude oil. Manual 58 mnl58 petroleum refining and natural gas processing. This fully revised fourth edition is a complete compendium of licensable technologies for the refining of petroleum and production of environmentally acceptable fuels and. It illustrates state of theart engineering methods for the refinement of heavy oils, bitumen, and other highsulphur feedstocks.